Tag: Tampa

  • 20 Top Tips for Busch Gardens Tampa for Adults

    20 Top Tips for Busch Gardens Tampa for Adults

    Florida is famous for theme parks. The hub is undoubtadly Orlando but for real thrillseekers, there is one theme park that stands above the others. Busch Gardens in Tampa, Florida has a huge selection of rollercoasters and other big rides, some cool themeing, awesome animals and costs considerably less than the the big two brands down the road. It is especially good for childfree adults who just want a crazy day out for themselves. The best day at Busch Gardens has thrill rides, animal encounters and something tasty. Here are our top tips for Busch Gardens Tampa for adults.

    Spending a bit of time in Tampa? Check out our fun itinerary for Tampa Bay

    This post may contain sponsored content or affiliate links that help support the blog. All opinions are our own.

    1.) Arrive Early and Know What’s Open

    To make the most of a day at Busch Gardens we recommend arriving at the car park around 20 minutes before the gates open. This allows you time to grab your bits fom the car, hop on the trolley busses that take you to the park, and get a spot in line just in time to enter the park.

    From here, make your way to the back of the park where you will find three big rides that are open from the very first admission, Kumba, Falcon’s Fury & Tigris. (It might be a good idea to have your breakfast very early, or after this first set of rides so you don’t see your breakfast again halfway over a loop-the-loop). Most people stop at the first few rides so these should all be walk on for you.

    2.) Make Your Locker Choice

    The locker systems at Busch Gardens are a little confusing. Guests can pay for lockers fall day as a kind of moving prospect. You make one payment and can use the lockers as often as you need for as long as you need, wherever you find them.

    • Standard (7.5″ h x 13″ w x 18″ d): $10 per day
    • Large (10.5″ h x 16.5″ w x 18″ d): $15 per day
    • Jumbo (13.5″ h x 22.5″ w x 18″ d): $20 per day

    You can also hire a locker for just one stint but with so many large rollercoasters, you might want to leave your things as you run between them.

    Some people just put their belongings on the side as they ride, something familiar to British theme park goers but this is of course, always at your own risk.

    3.) Get Your App and Map

    Every theme park worth its salt now has an app. Busch Gardens Tampa Bay has a great app that is clear, simple to use. You can check park times, show times and really easily upgrade to all kinds of experiences or line skips. The map is good and has wait times on as well as ride closures. Combined with the signs, getting arouond and planning our day was so easy. Download the app before you leave the world of wifi to make sure it’s ready to go when you arrive.

    4.) Stay Hydrated

    You can bring in a bottle of water to Busch Gardens Tampa, but not your own cooler of drinks.

    Soft Drinks – Water

    There are free water stations at some of the bathrooms in Busch Gardens which is an immportant thing to remember. If you don’t like sweet soft drinks, want to save some cash or need to hydrate quickly then keep an eye out for them when you pop to the loo.

    Soft Drinks – Refills

    If you love a fizzy drink/soda/pop then make a beeline for a stall selling the refillable plastic cups early on. You are going to want to make the most of your drink purchase after all. For just $20 you get free refills of Coke products all day. It includes the icy slushy drinks which is quite the relief when you are full of bubbles or insanely hot.

    Hard Drinks – The Bars

    If you like your drinks to be a little more adult, you have a few options for a quick drink, or lesiurely pint, throughout the park. This makes total sense when you learn that the parks were orignally just a publicity vehicle for the brewery that used to own them, Anheuser-Busch. The Dragon Fire Grill & Pub, Springs Taproom and Garden Gate Cafe all offer different numbers of craft beers, frozen drinks and cocktails. They are all nice in their own way but our favourite spot for a boozy beverage is The Giraffe Bar.

    The Giraffe Bar on the side of the Serengeti overlook restaurant complex serves craft beer, cider, wine and tasty cocktsails. That includes margaritas on tap and some fun frozen options too. I can particularly recommend The Hungry Tusker. It has a shot of my favourite South African liqueur; the creamy, and deliious Amarula. Head onto the balcony and as you sip, you can watch animals on the Serengeti area, giraffes in particular.

    5.) Know Your Rides

    Before you enter the park, if you are at all diminuative, check the height chart. This is meant to be for kids but as a five foot female, I was a little concerned that I might not make the cut. It seems that only a few rides would be out of bound for anyone four and half foot or less.

    Once you are in the park, it is good to know what you are in for when you join a ride queue just in case there is a particular aspect you dislike. Here is a quick guide to the big coasters.

    • Cheetah Hunt – a speed ride with three launches that whip you up to 60mph in a second or two.
    • Cobra’s Curse – A small coaster that goes forwards, backwards and also involves a spinning ride car.
    • Montu – An inverted coaster (hanging) which involves seven loops or rolls.
    • Scorpion – A cute little coaster that has a loop-the-loop. It is from 1980 and has a nice gravity le moment.
    • Sand Serpent – A small car coaster whipping you around tight corners, jamming the brakes on in a rather alarming way. It is reminicant of the Rattlesnake at Thorpe Park or Indiana Jones at Disneyland Paris.
    • Kumba – A huge steel coaster with a roaring noise and seven twists or loops.
    • SheiKra – This rollercoaster has two foward facing drops (90 degrees from the floor).
    • Iron Gwazi – A hybrid coaster with a 62m hill that turns into a 91° drop. You’ll lose your seat
    • Tigriss – A small ride that packs a punch with inversions and super speed both forwards and backwards.
    • Seregeti Flyer – A huge swing ride. Sit on the side away from the queue for animal views, and towards it for park views.
    • Stanley Falls Flume – A classic log flume with minimal themeing but a nice drop.
    • Congo River Rapids – A river rapids with jets, waterfalls and those cheeky water guns controlled by other parkgoers.

    6.) What to Bring in Your Park Bag

    Here are a few items you won’t want to leave at home when visiting Busch Gardens:

    • Sun Cream/Sun Block – Florida is hot and sunny much of the time and you don’t want to get caught out and burn. Don’t forget to reapply if you get wet.
    • Your Phone – Stay connected, play games when you are bored in the queue, take loads of pictures videos and use the Busch Gardens app for getting around etc.
    • A Portable Charger/Power Bank – This is one option for keeping your phone powered up. There is a charging station located in Panotopia, next to the Scorpion Coaster and Falcon’s Fury drop ride. You will need to bring a plug and cable and can’t move as it charges so the power bank is a better option.
    • A Waterproof Phone Cover or Pouch – If you want photos or videos from your water rides then you will need to protect your device.
    • A Poncho – Yup, waterpoof ponchos can look silly but it rains in Florida sometimes and there water rides to contend with. A poncho keeps your bag dry in a way a rain jacket wouldn’t. so if you aren’t utilising the lockers, this is a must have.
    • Sunglasses – Don’t forget to take them off on the big rides!
    • A Water Bottle – If you are planning to save on drinks then this is a must.
    • Plasters and Painkillers – Good for bumps, bruises and blisters that appear throughout the day..
    • A Fan – I used to think these Mini fans were madness but when you are stood in a line with no breeze they make a world of difference to keep you cool.
    • Harness – It is possible to wear an action camera on the rides if it is properly secured on a chest or wrist harness.
    • A Payment Card – Busch Gardens is cashless. You can bring cash and load up a prepaid card but it is much easier to just bring one along with you.
    • ID – If you are over 21 and want to drink, bring something to prove it!

    Of course, you could be one of the cool kids and just have your phone but I wouldn’t cope!

    7.) What to Wear to Busch Gardens

    This is a little weather dependant but as it is most often warm in Florida, that is what we shall assume:

    • Clothes – No joke. Shoes, shirts and shorts must remain on…no matter how soaked they get. We recommend light, quick drying fabrics, no jeans or thick cargo shorts.
    • Comfortable Shoes – You will be walking and running and standing alot so choose your footwear wisely. You will be warm so don’t wear anything super thick or tight and your feet might get wet. love my jellies as we all know but walking sandals is a good bet.
    • Lanyard – If you have a Quick Queue pass, access pass or Photo Key, this is the easiest way to keep hold of it. Busch Gardens uses printed cardboard passes so they need a little looking after. Don’t forget to tuck it in when riding.
    • Shorts with Zip Pockets – These allow you to keep an essential or two with you on the rides. If you want to take photos or play games on your phone until you board, this is the most secure way to keep it on you.
    • A Hat – This is a good way to protext yourself from the sun but remember that a hat is very likely to fly off on rollercoasters so don’t leave it on when you ride.
    • Dress with Shorts – You can absolutely wear a dress to Busch Gardens Tampa but to preserve your modesty as you clamber on and off ride seats, and prevent chub rub, wear some shorts underneath!
    • No Costumes or Masks – These are just not allowed and that includes the Halloween events etc as well.
    • A “Proper” Top with No IP – You can’t wear anything with the park’s IP on so the kiddies don’t get confused. You must also avoid swearing, nudity or offensive slogans on your attire.
    • No Exposed Undies – Just keep your smalls to yourself.
    • Avoid Hair Clips and Earrings – Both of these thingscan be ripped off, or jabbed into your head and neither of these is pleasant!

    8.) Time to Dine

    Dining All Day?

    At Busch Gardens Tampa, All Day Dining can be had for just $49.99. This allows you to sit and enjoy a meal every 1.5 hours. “A meal” consists of one main dish (from a small selection at each included eatery), one drink, and one side or dessert. This seems like a great deal BUT how often are you sitting to eat when you have one day in a theme park full of fun rides? Some of the snack spots in the park aren’t included in All Day Dining so unless you are really planning to sit down and eat full meals, or just have tiny bits of everything on offer, it won’t pay for itself. Oh, and there is NO sharing or you’ll get in torule.

    We ate breakfast before our visit, had some pizza from Oasis Pizza at lunch which cost us around $14 each, and then ate dinner after the park closed. It is not open until 22:00 like some parks so going for a meal after park hours is quite normal. The food outside of the park was also much better quality so worth the extra effort of driving into town for our evening meal.

    Some food spots that are worth trying, especially if you don’t have the dining plan:

    • Dragon Dogs has some regular hot dogs and a couple of more unusal options. You can mobile order here so it is real quick service option.
    • Moroccan Delights doesn’t do what it says on the tin. This is actually an ice cream shop with cones and shakes on offer.
    • Twisted Tail is the popular spot that sells big, soft pretzels in both sweet and savoury varieties along with canned cocktails, seltzers beers and wines.
    • Chick-fil-A seems to be the most popular option at the park and always has a line. We avoid it as a matter of principle but I hear the chicken burgers are very tasty.
    • Coaster Coffee is for those that just can’t function without their Starbies.

    9.) Meet the Animals

    If your main reason for visiting Busch Gardens is to some of the 2,700 resident animals then get to the park early. As the day warms up, the animals slow down. There are plenty of animal enclosures dotted throughout the park (alligators, cheetahs, orangutans and gorillas can all be spotted easily). Some other wonderful ways to see the Busch gardens fauna include:

    • Animal Connections – This walk through attraction is a building full of smaller animals. The stars have got to be the pink flamingoes and gorgeous sloths. If you visit at the right time you can help feed the animals…just elbow the kids out of the way first. Free.
    • The Serengeti Express – This is most chilled out way to see the animals. Hop on the train and enjoy a trip along the side of several animal eonclosures, only seen from the train. Free.
    • Serengeti Safari – This is a 30 minute game drive in the Serengati Plains area. You may get to feed giraffes if you are lucky, and spot soe more of the large animals, like zebra and rhinos out here. Charged.
    • Keeper Talks – To learn more about some of the animals that live here, check the app for the keeper talks. The people who look after the animals will treat you to some fun facts and special secrets. Free.

    10.) Seek the Shade

    It is going to be a long day and there isn’t all that much shade when you are walking around the park. If you are sitting for a rest, waiting for a locker or anything else really, take the chance to snag some shade. This isn’t the time to be topping up the tan.

    11.) Run for the Train

    The Serengeti Train doesn’t come very often. It slowly puffs around the park and takes about 30 minutes to do the full loop, which is nice when you need a sit down, or to see the animals. It is rubbish to wait for it though, so if you hear the whistle, it is worth running for!

    12.) Skip the Shows

    This is only relevant if you only have one day. If you have longer, then the shows are lovely excuse to sit down in some air conditioning, or out of the rain. The ice skating show is amazing with gravity defying jumps and stunts, cool costumes and a great soundtrack.

    13.) Consider the PhotoKey

    There are so many big ride in Busch Gardens Florida that you aren’t going to be creating a cute reel of you as you go round (a la content creators for The Mouse). This might actually be one theme park where buying a photo pass is worth it. For $50 you’ll get a whole day’s worth of photos both on the rides and from the photographers that are dotted around the park. In terms of rollr coasters, that makes it around $5 per snap…and that’s pretty good value. You can preview your snaps at one of the PhotoKey kiosks and link hem to your card and/or order some cute phyiscal products (keychains etc).

    14.) Parking at Busch Gardens

    Parking at Busch Gardens is $30 a day or at least $45 for prefered parking. Prefered is closer to the entrance and has some shade. You can catch the free trams from the regular parking lot or walk…but it isn’t a very nice walk. It is along a hot pavement, under a bridge wth the trams going past (the petrol fumes were quite intense). Try and park near the tram if possibe. The extra steps might not feel that important at the beginning of the day. when you still have plenty of pep in your step. However, 10 hours later, your feet are probably going to be a little sore and suddenly, that extra 300m can feel like 300 miles.

    15.) When to Visit Busch Gardens

    Visiting Busch Gardens Tampa on a Monday or Tuesday in generally less busy. Less people travel during the week and local kids are at school. It is also affected by the overflow effect from other theme parks in the Orlando. Usually, people will start their week at Disney or Universal and migrate to Busch Gardens on Friday and Saturday.

    We would normally suggest avoiding big holidays. I would have expected Spring Break to be included with this but if you play your cards right, this can still be a good time to visit. March has lovely weather, the Food and Wine festival and a buzzy atmosphere. Defintely avoid the winter holidays, any long weekends if you can and the beginning of the school holidays. (If you are from Europe, the end of August is a good time if you handle the heat and humidity as local schools have usually gone back).

    16.) Fun for Foodies

    The food and Wine festival takes place in March and April with extra tasting stalls and even music concerts. if you want to take part, make sure you check the calendar. However, this also makes the other weekday dates around them less busy as locals like to visit on the special days.

    During the festival a whole section of the park is dedicated to delicious treats from around the world. Visitors buy a special tickets that incudes a set number of samples (10-15 usualy). Then you can peruse the stands and pick your tasters. In 2023, this included wines from South America, wine flights with four different European varieties and cocktails on the drinks sides. In terms of food, there were loads of Latin flavours to explore with Cuban tacos, Brazilian saffron chicken, encebollado stew and mole beef & sweet plantains. It all sounded so good!

    17.) Question the Quick Queue

    Dont’ buy the Quick Queue in advance unless you are here to ride the rides multiple times. We seriously considered purchasing the passes but the queues were all under 30 minutes, with plenty of big rides just a 5-10 minute wait. It woulld NOT have been worth it. If you are planning to visit during a busy time then look into it. If not, turn up at the park and gauge the crowds first, you can purchase them on the day.

    18.) Rain, Rain, Go Away…

    …you can come another day. If rain ruins your day at Busch Gardens Tampa (and we don’t mean that the drizzle made your frizzy), you will receive a free visit to the park. This ticket must be used within 1 year of your original visit. This is great if you are around for a while or live locally but annoying if you’re visiting from elsewhere.

    19.) Park Closure Tips

    The park attendants let people join the queues p until about 10 inutes before park close so if there is something you want to ride one last time, aim to get there with 20 minutes before park closure just to be sure. You never know, there might be a chance to go round twice if you’re really, really lucky.

    You can refill your drinks cup right up until park closes so don’t forget to load it up as you leave with one last yummy beverge. We took some diet cola with us but saw plenty of people filling theirs with slushies for the road.

    20.) Adventure Island

    If you have more than one day then consider bundling your ticket with a visit to Adventure Island. This is a waterpark owned by the same group. It has one of the longest lazy rivers in Florida (the perfect place to chill) and ten awesome slides (the perfect place to thrill). Some of the slides are only open at the weekend so check out their website to ensure there is enough to keep you occupied if you are here during the week. From the tiki bar to cabanas that you can pay to rent for the day, you’ll have a super time.

    Final Thoughts on Our Tips for Busch Gardens Tampa

    Busch Gardens Tampa is a brilliant theme park with some epic exhilieration and decent cocktails, making it perfect for adults. By following our tips for Busch Gardens, you will hopefully have fun and save money avoiding spending on things that aren’t worth it, and instead focusing on the things that are to you. Do you want a whole lot of photos, a whole lot of food or a whole lot of goes on the rides? Whatever a visit means to you, Busch Gardens Tampa remains a must-visit destination for those seeking an action-packed and memorable getaway in Florida.

    Rosie xx

  • A Perfect Weekend in Tampa Bay

    A Perfect Weekend in Tampa Bay

    Tampa is buzzing! It is a modern city in many ways, with plenty of exciting new things happening all the time, but if you know where to look, you’ll uncover the most marvellous history. So how can you make the most of 48 hours in Tampa. This is our perfect weekend in Tampa, Florida.

    This post may contain sponsored content or affiliate links that help support the blog. All opinions are our own.

    Day One

    Explore the American Victory

    Tucked behind the aquarium sits the night American Victory. This war ship saw action in both WWII and Vietnam. You are free to explore the ship, poking into the Captain’s cabin, listening in on the morse messages and finding out what the navy eats. You can even look down into the engines which still have the distinct whiff of oil. The tour is self guided and there is plenty of information to read around the ship.

    Dive Into the Florida Aquarium

    Of course you will find the big tanks with sharks, rays and other scary big fish but it’s there are some more unusual offerings too.

    • The jellyfish section has some seriously beautiful and seriously weird specimens. Have you ever seen upside jellyfish? They are beautiful!
    • There is a small penguin enclosure with African penguins that are utterly adorable.
    • You can interact with sealift in two different tanks, one with coral and starfish, the other with rays that are a little trickier to stroke.
    • The Wetlands of Florida section has both fish and birds in the same biosphere as well as a very playful otter. Then, head upstairs and you can see lemurs!
    • For the little ones, there is even a mini water park area which is the perfect place for them to blow off steam and satisfy the watery cravings we all get in an aquarium.

    A Spot of Lunch at Sparkman Wharf

    The recently renovated area of land just west of the aquarium is now know as Sparkman Wharf and it is the perfect place to stop for some food or drink. They have loads of popup food truck type street food joints and some more permanent places too. You could opt for the gourmet hotdogs at JoDog (the Asian inspired Hello Tokyo was a revelation) or grab some excellent fried chicken or tacos. Then, for dessert, you can’t beat Hampton Chocolate Factory which doesn’t just sell boxes of confection. You can get frozen s’mores, waffles, ice cream and milkshakes If it’s sunny, grab a seat and chill, or grab and go!

    Check out other great things to do in The Sunshine State of Florida

    Take a Stroll Along Tampa Riverwalk

    Continuing east, you will come to the start of the Tampa Riverwalk. This two and a half mile pedestrianised stretch of river is incredibly pleasant to stroll along. It is L-shaped and entirely flat.

    As you promenade along (and sometimes over) the Hillsborough River you can do a bit of bar hopping. There are a few bars along the way that will pour you a drink in a special cup and you can take it along with you. This is pretty rare in the USA so make the most of the lovely relaxed feeling.

    High Culture at Tampa Museum of Art

    Around two thirds of a mile after the walk turns north, on the right hand side is the Tampa Museum of Art. This is your chance to soak up some culture of the highbrow variety. The museum has its own collection of art and hosts several temporary exhibitions throughout the year. The museums permanent collections range from ancient wonders from Greece and the Roman Empire to cutting edge modern art that is bold and beautiful.

    A Delicious Dinner at Ulele

    Ulele is Tampa’s trendiest restaurant, and it is very cool but it has just as much substance as it has style. Their ethos encompasses local, fresh food with historical roots, all with a modern twist. Ulele was a Native American princess she is the symbol of the area.

    Looking across the menu, you will find plenty of familiar southern classics but look a little closer and you will see that the chilli has five different local game meats and the corn bread muffins are spiked with beer and jalapeños. Don’t skip out on the gorgeously fresh seafood, especially if it is swimming in garlic, spices or butter. It is also worth perusing the cocktail menu for some wholly original drinks. If wine and beer are more your thing, the servers are incredibly j knowledgable and can recommend just what you need.

    Day Two

    Take a JC Newman Cigar Factory Tour

    Tampa was once known as cigar city. In 1900 there were over 200 factories at one time, serving the world’s need for big, fancy smokes. JC Newman is one of the only spots to survive, and not just that, but to thrive. The factory is still up and running and daily tours allow you to visit.

    The tour starts by the big German clock mechanism which is a beautiful piece of engineering, before grinding you through the history of the company and the factory itself. After this brief introduction you will be guided downstairs to the basement for a more in-depth look at some of JC Newman’s historical collection featuring both cigars, cigar boxes and family memorabilia. There is even a look in the aging room where luxury cigars are aging like fine wines before sale.

    Upstairs you will see the factory at work. On one floor are some amazing vintage machines that are still wrapping, sealing and packaging cigars. Some are over 100 years old, they don’t make ‘em like they used to! Then, if you are really lucky, you’ll get to meet one of the incredibly talents handrollers. They have access each leaf and pick them individually for each cigar before wrapping and pressing them to perfection. Honestly, even if you don’t smoke (and we don’t), it is so impressive to see the craft.

    A Lovely Lunch at Columbia Restaurant

    It is just the worst when you want to try out the coolest restaurant in town isn’t it? Well, that doesn’t happen all that often at Columbia Restaurant as it has multiple dining room, spread across the length of a whole city block. This means, everyone can eat at the most amazing Soanish restaurant in the city (the oldest too, at over 100 years old).

    There are couple of dishes that Columbia Restaurant is famous for, and happily you can try both! The classic Cuban sandwich is presented in wonderfully fresh Cuban bread from a bakery (La Sagunda Centrsl) a few doors down (this family are also a Tampa institution). The pork is smoked in house and it is as close to a perfect Cuban as you can get. Then there is the 1905 which has the unusual combo of lettuce, ham, olives, cheese, tomato and a zingy dressing featuring Lea and Perrins! you can order a half and half which allows you to try both. Win! Table service is a big part of the Columbia Restaurant offering and it is fun to watch them finish, dress and toss your salad within reach.

    Dessert is iconic with the white chocolate bread and butter pudding a favourite of everyone who dines here. Or, if you prefer to drink your dessert the boozy coffees are pretty special. The Melanie (pictured here) contains four different kinds of tasty liqueur. It packs a real punch.

    Discover Ybor City with a Walking Tour

    Ybor City is a unique neighbourhood located within Tampa. You could just wander the streets and grab a drink in one the hipster bars or coffee joints but you’d be missing out on so much. Instead, book a spot with Ybor Walking Tours and the excellent Max Herman.

    Max is a local who has a wealth of knowledge about the area as well as some lovely personal anecdotes. The tour takes visitors on a short walk through time as he envokes the boom time of the area when it was Cigar City and up until the present day.

    Wondering why there are chickens everywhere? You’ll learn all about them. Why are there names ont he bricked streets? Well, I don’t want to give all the secrets away! This social, architectural and personal tour is one of a kind and you can’t miss it.

    Time for a Tram

    After the tour is the perfect time to hop on the local tram and grab a drink back down at the Riverwalk. There is a stop just opposite where the tour ends.

    This team, trolley ir streetcar, (TECO Line Streetcar System) is completely free and another lovely slice of history. The original lines were built in 1892 and it quickly became extremely popular, packed with commuters everyday. It ground to halt after WWII in 1946 but the city reintroduced it in 2022. Hop on and enjoy the traditional wooden seating as well as the ease of travel without having to drive it yourself. That being said, remember it is not air-conditioned so bring a fan for those moments it’s stopped.

    Have an Extra Day?

    Next to the University District, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay is really easy to get to by car or by bus. If you like animals you’ll like Busch Gardens. And if you like thrill rides you’ll love Busch Gardens. If you like both, you’re going to be obsessed!

    Busch Gardens began life as a zoo or botanical garden with animals. It has evolved into a fantastic theme park with more awesome thrill rides than Disney and Universal put together. Huge rides of every kind (hanging, 90° drops, swings, death drops, speed coasters and loop the loops abound). There is even a rollercoaster that has a 91° hill, it’s bonkers. Oh, and they still have tons of animals to spot or even to meet if you splash out on one of the animal encounters

    Check out our 20 Top Tips for Busch Gardens Tampa

    Final Thoughts for Your Weekend in Tampa

    Tampa is having a glow up. It expanded in the 1800s with the cigar industry and its booming all over again. It’s a really exciting time to visit with great old and new food to feast upon, history to explore and cool bars sititing amongst it all. We’ll be back soon to see what’s changed and we know you’ll have an amazing time when you visit too.

    Rosie xx